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Як впоратись із вірусом, який блокує екран і вимагає гроші?

2011-12-07T20:51:00.001+02:00

Поради щодо видалення вірусу, який видає себе за Міністерство внутрішніх справ України, запевняє, що ви розповсюджували дитяче порно і т.п. і погрожує кримінальною справою, якщо ви, мовляв, не перерахуєте їм 300 грн.

Ця інформація може бути корисною тим, хто стикався із цією проблемою.

Симптоми вірусу

Вікно з повідомленням заповнює весь простір, не дає змогу відкрити диспетчер задач. При завантаженні системи у безпечному режимі також блокує екран.

У перших двох рядках написано:
Министерство внутренних дел Украины
Внимание! Обнаружена незаконная деятельность.
і т.п. і т.д.

Вихід із ситуації

1. Необхідно завантажити комп'ютер в DOS, або використати різні диски-завантажувачі, які дозволяють працювати із дисками, файлами, реєстром і т.п. Одним із таких завантажувачів є збірка Hiren's Boot CD. З допомогою іншого комп'ютера необхідно скачати файл-образ цього диска, записати його на диск і запустити його при завантаженні системи вашого ПК (на деяких ноутбуках потрібно перед завантаженням операційної системи натиснути F12 чи іншу клавішу для того, щоб отримати варіанти завантаження. Якщо така клавіша не працює, то необхідно змінити порядок запуску пристроїв (Boot) у налаштуваннях BIOS).
1.1. Після того, як з'явиться меню Hiren's Boot CD необхідно вибрати запуск Mini Windows XP.

2. Після завантаження Mini Windows XP у правому нижньому куті має бути кнопка запуску програм. Треба вибрати Starup та AutoRuns (All Startups) - цей пункт може бути першим зверху в списку.

2.1. Оскільки ми запустили програму AutoRuns в середовищі Mini Windows XP, то зараз нам необхідно вказати шлях до зараженої ОС, для того, щоб внести зміни до програм, які запускаються при завантаженні ОС. Для цього у верхньому лівому куті натисніть File - Analyze Offline System..., у рядку System Root: вкажіть шлях до папки Windows зараженої ОС (це може бути папка C:\Windows), та натисніть ОК. Після цього програма має завантажити дані зараженої ОС і можна починати роботу.

3. В програмі Autoruns необхідно знайти параметр, який має шлях C:\Users\(ім'я вашого профілю)\AppData\Roaming\crcss.exe (ім'я файлу точно не пам'ятаю, можливо crscs.exe, чи crsss.exe). Щоб звузити пошук спочатку продивіться вкладки Logon та Explorer.

Як виявилось потім при скануванні комп'ютера на наявність вірусів програмою

Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool, цей вірус має назву Trojan.Win32.Jorik.MokesLoader.dv

3.1. Відключіть або видаліть цей параметр.

4. Перезавантажте систему.

5. Проскануйте комп'ютер на наявність вірусів.

Висновок

Запам'ятайте! Ваша безпека - в ваших руках. Поводьтеся обережно в мережі, піддавайте сумніву посилання, які ви отримуєте через пошту, чати та соц. мережі. Якщо ви полюбляєте качати піратське програмне забезпечення та качати безкоштовно музику і фільми, ризик зараження підвищується.

Не будьте самовпевненими. Ви можете попастись на новий вірус раніше, ніж його виявлять в лабораторії вашого супер-пупер потужного антивіруса, випустять оновлені бази і ваш антивірус оновиться.

Якщо у вас виникли труднощі при використанні цієї інструкції, ви можете написати про це в коментарях знизу.

Якщо не переключається мова вводу на клавіатурі

2011-12-01T14:23:00.001+02:00

1. Знайдіть значок мови в системною треї біля годинника
1.1. Клацніть на значку правою кнопкою миші –та виберіть Параметри
2. Входимо у розділ Параметри клавіатури
3. Входимо у розділ Зміна сполучення клавіш
4. Заберіть галочку із Переключати розкладки клавіатури (галочка має бути лише для Переключати мови вводу)

Можливо знадобиться перезавантаження ком’ютера.

Проблема ABBY Lingvo x3 с MSXML4

2010-09-07T12:25:00.001+03:00

Если при запуске появляется ошибка: “Не установлен компонент: MSXML4. Переустановите ABBY Lingvo”, слелайте следующее:
1. Откройте командную строку через Пуск (Start)>Выполнить (Run). Если в выпадающем меню Пуск (Start) отсутствует пункт Выполнить (Run), то нажмите
на клавиатуре кнопку с эмблемой Windows и одновременно с ней кнопку с буквой R.
2. В командную строку скопируйте следующую команду:
regsvr32.exe c:\Windows\System32\msxml4.dll
3. Нажмите кнопку ОК. После выполнения команды должно появиться сообщение
"DllRegisterServer in c:\Windows\System32\msxml4.dll succeeded".
4. Запустите программу ABBYY Lingvo x3.
Джерело: http://forum.lingvo.ru/

2010-08-30T15:55:00.001+03:00

Как подготовиться к выступлению/докладу?

О чем стоит подумать при подготовке доклада?
Доклад ради доклада вряд ли впечатлит слушателей. При подготовке к выступлению подумайте и ответьте для себя на некоторые вопросы.
1. Какова цель выступления?
Другими словами, что вы хотите своим докладом сказать. Для чего вы тратите время на его подготовку и на само выступление? Если у вас нет внятного ответа на данный вопрос, стоит задуматься, а нужен ли доклад вообще.
2. Какова аудитория?
Для кого вы готовите свое выступление? Это будут специалисты в освещаемой теме или новички? Молодежь или люди более солидного возраста? От этого зависит и стиль изложения, и используемые термины. Будет глупо засыпать новичков кучей непонятных слов или рассказывать азы настоящим профи.
3. Каков объект выступления?
Определите, о чем вы будете говорить. Все ваше выступление должно вести к этому объекту. Если вы говорите о солнце, все должно к нему возвращаться, не стоит переключатся на луну.
4. В чем актуальность доклада?
Почему об этом нужно говорить сегодня? Почему слушатели должны вас слушать? Пожалуй - это самые главные вопросы при подготовке выступления.
5. В чем заключается новизна темы?
Новизна и Актуальность - разные вещи. Новизна характеризует насколько ново содержание выступления по сравнению с существующими аналогами.
Актуальность - насколько оно сейчас нужно. Бесспорно, самый выигрышный вариант - и ново, и актуально. Неплохо, если актуально, но не ново. Например, давняя проблема, но так никем и не решенная. Терпимо, если не актуально, но ново - как прогноз, сделанный Д.И. Менделеевым в XIX веке, что в будущем дома будут не только обогревать, но и охлаждать (кондиционеров тогда и вправду не знали).
Но если и не ново, и не актуально - нужно ли кому-то такое выступление?
6. Есть ли у вас план?
Продумайте план своего выступления. Сформулируйте выводы с четкой фиксацией главного и нового. В заключении подведите итог выступления.
7. Раздаточный материал.
Решите заранее, нужен он или нет.
Важно: раздаточные материалы не должны полностью дублировать текст доклада. Слушатель должен иметь возможность записывать: примеры, дополнения, подробности, свои мысли... Одна из целей любого выступления - чтобы что-то из сказанного осталось в голове слушателей. А для этого необходимо задействовать как можно больше видов памяти. Гигантской практикой образования доказано: материал усваивается лучше, если зрительная и слуховая память подкрепляются моторной.
8. Оформление доски.
Поработайте над оформлением слайдов. Часто красивые слайды не столько иллюстрируют материал, сколько прикрывают бедность содержания.
9. Что останется у слушателей:
Раздаточный материал: какой и сколько?
Собственные записи: какие и сколько? И что сделано вами по ходу доклада для того, чтобы записи слушателей не искажали авторский смысл?

Подготовка слайдов

1. Не размещайте на слайдах логотипы.
Если вы хотите привлечь внимание не к своей церкви (служению и т.п.), а к тому, о чем собираетесь говорить, не украшайте слайды логотипами! Логотипы занимают 20-25% полезного пространства.
2. Не отображайте на слайдах текст выступления.
Слушатели быстро превратятся в читателя, если весь текст выступления будет на ваших слайдах. Некоторые даже успеют быстрее прочитать, чем вы расскажете и будут откровенно скучать.
Оставьте для слайдов ключевые слова - точки отсчета. Пусть ваше выступление станет расшифровкой этих слов.
3. Используйте анимацию.
Не надо выдавать весь список ключевых слов сразу. Пусть слова появляются постепенно, по ходу выступления. Это интригует и помогает удержать внимание аудитории.
4. Обратите внимание на графики и картинки.
Всем понятно, что наглядность - это хорошо. Но ваши сами должны четко представлять, какую смысловую нагрузку несут графики и иллюстрации. Картинка для красоты просто перегружает слайды и отвлекает внимание аудитории.
5. Будьте проще.
Разместите на слайде только самую важную информацию, без лишних витиеватостей. Это будет легче восприниматься слушателями и вы сами не запутаетесь во время выступления.

Как удержать внимание слушателей?

Любое, даже самое интересное, выступление можно без труда превратить в нудное мероприятие. Излагая невероятно интересные и увлекательные факты, можете заметить зевки в зале или даже услышать болтовню слушателей. Умелый оратор, говоря невероятно нудные вещи, сможет удерживать внимание публики. Как это сделать? Давайте попробуем разобраться.
Прежде всего сохранению внимания способствует логическая организация речи (последовательность, непротиворечивость, обоснованность). Слушателей привлекает такое построение изложения, по ходу которого возникают вопросы, а ответы на них рождаются в процессе совместного поиска или последующего изложения. Поддержанию внимания аудитории способствует проблемная ситуация в речи.
Если выступление не содержит ничего нового, оно не только остается без внимания, но и вызывает у слушателей ощущение скуки, досады или даже раздражения. Поэтому важнейшее условие поддержания внимания к выступлению — его содержательность, т. е. новая, неизвестная слушателям информация или оригинальная интерпретация известных фактов, свежие идеи, анализ проблемы.
Изложение должно быть доступным, что во многом обусловлено культурой речи оратора. Включение терминов, способы определения понятий продумываются заранее.
Поддерживают внимание разнообразные приемы изложения. Диалогизация речи, вопросно-ответный ход, обращение к слушателям настолько эффективны, что способны спасти положение даже в том случае, когда аудитория начинает скучать.
Опытные ораторы, прекрасно владеющие темой, иногда прибегают к провокации: заявляют нечто, что вызывает несогласие аудитории (а следовательно, привлекает ее внимание), а затем вместе с ней приходят к конструктивным выводам.
Не остаются равнодушными слушатели и к доверительности, когда оратору удается связать предмет речи с собственным опытом, собственными размышлениями.
Очень важны убежденность и эмоциональность оратора. Если он искренен, эти качества не только удерживают внимание слушателей на проблеме, но и позволяют ему заразить собравшихся своим отношением к ней. Восточная мудрость гласит: «Ты, говорящий, никого не убедишь, когда нет в сердце у тебя того, что сходит с языка».
Оратору, обладающему чувством юмора, не приходится прибегать к специальным приемам для поддержания внимания.
При первых признаках утомления аудитории следует воспользоваться приемами, стимулирующими непроизвольное внимание. Проще всего изменить звучание голоса: интонацию, темп речи, силу звука. Этой же цели служит пауза.
Время от времени переключайте внимание слушателей, это мобилизует его, оно как бы получает толчок. Переключение внимания происходит, например, когда оратор умело завершает один вопрос или тему, а затем называет следующий. Еще больший эффект дает демонстрация наглядных пособий, предложение что-то записать, ответить на вопрос, сделать несложное вычисление, сопоставить два мнения — словом, любая работа слушателей.

Полезные ссылки:

Видео:

Текст:

Джерело: Полезная информация для докладчиков | Христианство-онлайн 2010

Some interesting facts

2010-07-13T16:54:00.001+03:00

1,525,000,000 miles of telephone wire a strung across the U.S.
101 Dalmatians and Peter Pan (Wendy) are the only two Disney cartoon features with both parents that are present and don't die throughout the movie.
111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321
12 newborns will be given to the wrong parents daily.
123,000,000 cars are being driven down the U.S's highways.
160 cars can drive side by side on the Monumental Axis in Brazil, the world's widest road.
166,875,000,000 pieces of mail are delivered each year in the U.S.
27% of U.S. male college students believe life is "A meaningless existential hell."
315 entries in Webster's Dictionary will be misspelled.
5% of Canadians don't know the first 7 words of the Canadian anthem, but know the first 9 of the American anthem.
56,000,000 people go to Major League baseball each year.
7% of Americans don't know the first 9 words of the American anthem, but know the first 7 of the Canadian anthem.
85,000,000 tons of paper are used each year in the U.S.
99% of the solar systems mass is concentrated in the sun.
A 10-gallon hat barely holds 6 pints.
A cat has 32 muscles in each ear.
A cockroach can live several weeks with its head cut off.
A company in Taiwan makes dinnerware out of wheat, so you can eat your plate.
A cow produces 200 times more gas a day than a person.
A dime has 118 ridges around the edge.
A dragonfly has a lifespan of 24 hours.
A fully loaded supertanker travelling at normal speed takes a least twenty minutes to stop.
A giraffe can clean its ears with its 21-inch tongue.
A giraffe can go without water longer than a camel can.
A goldfish has a memory span of three seconds.
A hard working adult sweats up to 4 gallons per day. Most of the sweat evaporates before a person realizes it's there.
A hedgehog's heart beats 300 times a minute on average.
A hippo can open its mouth wide enough to fit a 4 foot tall child inside.
A hummingbird weighs less than a penny.
A jellyfish is 95 percent water.
A "jiffy" is an actual unit of time for 1/100th of a second.
A jumbo jet uses 4,000 gallons of fuel to take off.
A male emperor moth can smell a female emperor moth up to 7 miles away.
A man named Charles Osborne had the hiccups for 6 years. Wow.
A mole can dig a tunnel 300 feet long in just one night.
A monkey was once tried and convicted for smoking a cigarette in South Bend, Indiana.
A pig's orgasm lasts for 30 minutes.
A pregnant goldfish is called a twit.
A Saudi Arabian woman can get a divorce if her husband doesn't give her coffee.
A shark is the only fish that can blink with both eyes.
A quarter has 119 grooves on its edge, a dime has one less groove.
A shark can detect one part of blood in 100 million parts of water.
A skunk can spray its stinky scent more than 10 feet.
A sneeze travels out your mouth at over 100 m.p.h.
A toothpick is the object most often choked on by Americans!
A walla-walla scene is one where extras pretend to be talking in the background -- when they say "walla-walla" it looks like they are actually talking.
A whale's penis is called a dork.
About 3000 years ago, most Egyptians died by the time they were 30.
About 70% of Americans who go to college do it just to make more money. [The rest of us are avoiding reality for four more years.]
According to a British law passed in 1845, attempting to commit suicide was a capital offense. Offenders could be hanged for trying.
Actor Tommy Lee Jones and former vice-president Al Gore were freshman roommates at Harvard.
Al Capone's business card said he was a used furniture dealer.
All 50 states are listed across the top of the Lincoln Memorial on the back of the $5 bill.
All of the clocks in the movie "Pulp Fiction" are stuck on 4:20.
All porcupines float in water.
Almonds are a member of the peach family.
Almost a quarter of the land area of Los Angeles is taken up by automobiles.
America once issued a 5-cent bill.
America's first nudist organization was founded in 1929, by 3 men.
Ancient Egyptians slept on pillows made of stone.
An animal epidemic is called an epizootic.
An average person laughs about 15 times a day.
An iguana can stay under water for 28 minutes.
An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain.
Armadillos are the only animal besides humans that can get leprosy.
Armadillos have four babies at a time and they are always all the same sex.
Armored knights raised their visors to identify themselves when they rode past their king. This custom has become the modern military salute.
Aztec emperor Montezuma had a nephew, Cuitlahac, whose name meant "plenty of excrement."
Babe Ruth wore a cabbage leaf under is cap to keep him cool. He changed it every 2 innings.
Babies are born without knee caps. They don't appear until the child reaches 2-6 years of age.
Baby robins eat 14 feet of earthworms every day.
Back in the mid to late 1980's, an IBM-compatible computer wasn't considered a hundred percent compatible unless it could run Microsoft's Flight Simulator.
Bank robber John Dillinger played professional baseball.
Barbie's measurements if she were life size: 39-23-33.
Bats always turn left when exiting a cave.
Ben and Jerry's send the waste from making ice cream to local pig farmers to use as feed. Pigs love the stuff, except for one flavor: Mint Oreo.
Bird droppings are the chief export of Nauru, an island nation in the Western Pacific.
Blueberry Jelly Bellies were created especially for Ronald Reagan.
Bubble gum contains rubber.
Camel's milk does not curdle.
Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand.
Canada is an Indian word meaning "Big Village".
Cat's urine glows under a blacklight.
Cats can produce over one hundred vocal sounds, while dogs can only produce about ten.
Charles Lindbergh took only four sandwiches with him on his famous transatlantic flight.
Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying.
Clans of long ago that wanted to get rid of their unwanted people without killing them use to burn their houses down - hence the expression "to get fired."
Cleo and Caesar were the early stage names of Cher and Sonny Bono.
Columbia University is the second largest landowner in New York City, after the Catholic Church.
David Prowse was the guy in the Darth Vader suit in Star Wars. He spoke all of Vader's lines, and didn't know that he was going to be dubbed over by James Earl Jones until he saw the screening of the movie.
Did you know that there are coffee flavored PEZ?
Dogs and cats consume almost $7 billion worth of pet food a year.
Dolphins sleep with one eye open.
Donald Duck comics were banned from Finland because he doesn't wear pants.
Dr. Samuel A. Mudd was the physician who set the leg of Lincoln's assassin John Wilkes Booth... and whose shame created the expression for ignominy, "His name is Mudd."
Dr. Seuss pronounced "Seuss" such that it rhymed with "rejoice."
"Dreamt" is the only English word that ends in the letters "mt."
Dueling is legal in Paraguay as long as both parties are registered blood donors.
During your lifetime, you'll eat about 60,000 pounds of food, that's the weight of about 6 elephants.
Einstein couldn't speak fluently when he was nine. His parents thought he might be retarded.
Emus and kangaroos cannot walk backwards, and are on the Australian coat of arms for that reason.
Eskimo ice cream is neither icy, or creamy.
Even if you cut off a cockroach's head, it can live for several weeks.
Every person has a unique tongue print.
Every time Beethoven sat down to write music, he poured ice water over his head.
Every time you lick a stamp, you're consuming 1/10 of a calorie.
Facetious and abstemious contain all the vowels in the correct order, as does arsenious, meaning "containing arsenic."
February 1865 is the only month in recorded history not to have a full moon.
Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails.
Fortune cookies were actually invented in America, in 1918, by Charles Jung.
Gilligan of Gilligan's Island had a first name that was only used once, on the never-aired pilot show. His first name was Willy. The skipper's real name on Gilligan's Island is Jonas Grumby. It was mentioned once in the first episode on their radio's newscast about the wreck.
Giraffes have no vocal cords.
Goethe couldn't stand the sound of barking dogs and could only write if he had an apple rotting in the drawer of his desk.
Hang On Sloopy is the official rock song of Ohio.
Hershey's Kisses are called that because the machine that makes them looks like it's kissing the conveyor belt.
Honeybees have hair on their eyes.
Human teeth are almost as hard as rocks.
Human thigh bones are stronger than concrete.
Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone and hydroxydeoxycorticosterones are the largest anagrams.
Hypnotism is banned by public schools in San Diego.
"I am." is the shortest complete sentence in the English language.
If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle; if the horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a result of wounds received in battle; if the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes.
If NASA sent birds into space they would soon die; they need gravity to swallow.
If you bring a raccoon's head to the Henniker, New Hampshire town hall, you are entitled to receive $.10 from the town.
If you have three quarters, four dimes, and four pennies, you have $1.19. You also have the largest amount of money in coins without being able to make change for a dollar.
If you toss a penny 10,000 times, it will not be heads 5,000 times, but more like 4,950. The heads picture weighs more, so it ends up on the bottom.
If your eyes are six feet above the surface of the ocean, the horizon will be about three statute miles away.
In 1980, a Las Vegas hospital suspended workers for betting on when patients would die.
In 1980, there was only one country in the world with no telephones - Bhutan.
In 1983, a Japanese artist made a copy of the Mona Lisa completely out of toast.
In 1984, a Canadian farmer began renting ad space on his cows.
In 75% of American households, women manage the money and pay the bills.
In Bangladesh, kids as young as 15 can be jailed for cheating on their finals.
In England, in the 1880's, "Pants" were considered a dirty word.
In England, the Speaker of the House is not allowed to speak.
In every episode of "Seinfeld" there is a Superman somewhere.
In Kentucky, 50 percent of the people who get married for the first time are teenagers.
In Los Angeles, there are fewer people than there are automobiles.
In most advertisements, including newspapers, the time displayed on a watch is 10:10.
In space, astronauts cannot cry, because there is no gravity, so the tears can't flow.
In the 1940s, the FCC assigned television's Channel 1 to mobile services (two-way radios in taxicabs, for instance) but did not re-number the other channel assignments. That is why your TV set has channels 2 and up, but no channel 1.
In the great fire of London in 1666 half of London was burnt down but only 6 people were injured.
In the last 4000 years, no new animals have been domesticated.
In the movie "Casablanca," Humphrey Bogart never said "Play it again, Sam."
In the White House, there are 13,092 knives, forks and spoons.
In Tokyo, they sell toupees for dogs.
Isaac Asimov is the only author to have a book in every Dewey-decimal category.
It takes a lobster approximately seven years to grow to be one pound.
It takes about a half a gallon of water to cook macaroni, and about a gallon to clean the pot.
It was discovered on a space mission that a frog can throw up. The frog throws up its stomach first, so the stomach is dangling out of its mouth. Then the frog uses its forearms to dig out all of the stomach's contents and then swallows the stomach back down again.
It was once against the law to have a pet dog in a city in Iceland.
It was once against the law to slam your car door in a city in Switzerland.
It's against the law to burp, or sneeze in a certain church in Omaha, Nebraska.
It's against the law to catch fish with your bare hands in Kansas.
It's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. (Don't try this at home!)
Ivory bar soap floating was a mistake. They had been overmixing the soap formula causing excess air bubbles that made it float. Customers wrote and told how much they loved that it floated, and it has floated ever since.
John Lennon's first girlfriend was named Thelma Pickles.
"Kemo Sabe" means "soggy shrub" in Navajo.
Kotex was first manufactured as bandages, during WWI.
Lee Harvey Oswald's cadaver tag sold at an auction for $6,600 in 1992.
Leonardo Da Vinci invented the scissors.
Lightning strikes about 6,000 times per minute on this planet.
Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different.
Lincoln Logs were invented by Frank Lloyd Wright's son.
Lorne Greene had one of his nipples bitten off by an alligator while he was host of "Lorne Greene's Wild Kingdom."
Los Angeles's full name is "El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula" and can be abbreviated to 3.63% of its original size: "L.A."
Maine is the only state whose name is just one syllable.
Many hamsters only blink one eye at a time.
Mel Blanc (the voice of Bugs Bunny) was allergic to carrots.
Michael Jordan makes more money from Nike annually than all of the Nike factory workers in Malaysia combined.
Millie the White House dog earned more than 4 times as much as President Bush in 1991.
Money isn't made out of paper, it's made out of cotton.
Montpelier, VT is the only U.S. state capital without a McDonalds.
More Monopoly money is printed in a year, than real money printed throughout the world.
More people are killed annually by donkeys than die in air crashes.
More people use blue toothbrushes, than red ones.
Mosquitoes have teeth.
Most Americans' car horns beep in the key of F.
Most cows give more milk when they listen to music.
Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin.
Most lipstick contains fish scales.
Mr. Rogers is an ordained minister.
Murphy's Oil Soap is the chemical most commonly used to clean elephants.
No word in the English language rhymes with month, orange, silver, and purple.
Non-dairy creamer is flammable.
Nutmeg is extremely poisonous if injected intravenously
On a Canadian two dollar bill, the flag flying over the Parliament Building is an American flag.
On an American one-dollar bill, there is an owl in the upper left-hand corner of the "1" encased in the "shield" and a spider hidden in the front upper right-hand corner.
One in every 4 americans has appeared on television.
One of the reasons marijuana is illegal today is because cotton growers in the 1930's lobbied against hemp farmers -- they saw it as competition. It is not as chemically addictive as is nicotine, alcohol, or caffeine.
One quarter of the bones in your body, are in your feet.
Only 55% of all Americans know that the sun is a star.
Only one person in two billion will live to be 116 or older.
Only two people signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, John Hancock and Charles Thomson. Most of the rest signed on August 2, but the last signature wasn't added until 5 years later.
Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.
Over 1000 birds a year die from smashing into windows.
Owls are one of the only birds who can see the color blue.
Pamela Anderson Lee is Canada's Centennial Baby, being the first baby born on the centennial anniversary of Canada's independence.
Peanuts are one of the ingredients of dynamite.
Penguins can jump as high as 6 feet in the air.
Pinocchio is Italian for "pine head."
Playing cards were issued to British pilots in WWII. If captured, they could be soaked in water and unfolded to reveal a map for escape.
Polar Bears trying to blend in with the ice will sometimes cover up their black nose with their paws.
Pollsters say that 40 percent of dog and cat owners carry pictures of the pets in their wallets.
Q is the only letter in the alphabet that does not appear in the name of any of the United States.
Recycling one glass jar, saves enough energy to watch T.V for 3 hours.
Reindeer like to eat bananas.
Research indicates that mosquitoes are attracted to people who have recently eaten bananas.
Rubber bands last longer when refrigerated.
Sherlock Holmes never said "Elementary, my dear Watson."
Sigmund Freud had a morbid fear of ferns.
Since 1896, the beginning of the modern Olympics, only Greece and Australia have participated in every Games.
Slugs have 4 noses.
Some ribbon worms will eat themselves if they can't find any food.
Some toothpaste's contain antifreeze.
Spotted skunks do handstands before they spray.
"Stewardesses" is the longest word that is typed with only the left hand.
Studies show that if a cat falls off the seventh floor of a building it has about thirty percent less chance of surviving than a cat that falls off the twentieth floor. It supposedly takes about eight floors for the cat to realize what is occurring, relax and correct itself.
Sylvia Miles had the shortest performance ever nominated for an Oscar with "Midnight Cowboy." Her entire role lasted only six minutes.
Texas is also the only state that is allowed to fly its state flag at the same height as the U.S. flag.
The airplane Buddy Holly died in was the "American Pie." (Thus the name of the Don McLean song.)
The average American drinks about 600 sodas a year.
The average American will eat about 11.9 pounds of cereal per year.
The average bank teller loses about $250 every year.
The average person falls asleep in seven minutes.
The average person has over 1,460 dreams a year.
The average person is about a quarter of an inch taller at night.
The average person laughs 15 times a day.
The average person's left hand does 56% of the typing.
The Baby Ruth candy bar was actually named after Grover Cleveland's baby daughter, Ruth.
The band Duran Duran got their name from an astronaut in the 1968 Jane Fonda movie "Barbarella.
The blesbok, a South African antelope, is almost the same color as grapejuice.
The Boston University Bridge (on Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts) is the only place in the world where a boat can sail under a train driving under a car driving under an airplane.
The characters Bert and Ernie on Sesame Street were named after Bert the cop and Ernie the taxi driver in Frank Capra's "Its A Wonderful Life".
The combination "ough" can be pronounced in nine different ways. The following sentence contains them all: "A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed."
The company providing the liability insurance for the Republican National Convention in San Diego is the same firm that insured the maiden voyage of the RMS Titanic.
The condom - made originally of linen - was invented in the early 1500s.
The cruise liner, Queen Elizabeth II, moves only six inches for each gallon of diesel that it burns.
The Earth weighs around 6,588,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 tons.
The Eisenhower interstate system requires that one mile in every five must be straight. These straight sections are usable as airstrips in times of war or other emergencies.
The electric chair was invented by a dentist.
The elephant is the only mammal that can't jump.
The first Ford cars had Dodge engines.
The first known contraceptive was crocodile dung, used by Egyptians in 2000 B.C.
The first toilet ever seen on television was on "Leave It To Beaver."
The giant squid has the largest eyes in the world.
The glue on Israeli postage stamps is certified kosher.
The highest point in Pennsylvania is lower than the lowest point in Colorado.
The housefly hums in the middle octave, key of F.
The international telephone dialing code for Antarctica is 672.
The katydid bug hears through holes in its hind legs.
The "L.L." in L.L. Bean stands for Leon Leonwood.
The longest one-syllable word in the English language is "screeched."
The longest recorded flight of a chicken is thirteen seconds.
The longest word in the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. The only other word with the same amount of letters is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioses, its plural.
The Main Library at Indiana University sinks over an inch every year because when it was built, engineers failed to take into account the weight of all the books that would occupy the building.
The microwave was invented after a researcher walked by a radar tube and a chocolate bar melted in his pocket.
The moon is moving away at a tiny, although measurable distance from the earth every year. Do the math and you will clearly see that 85 million years ago it was orbiting the earth at a distance of about 35 feet from the earth's surface. This would explain the death of the dinosours; the tallest ones, anyway.
The most common name in the world is Mohammed.
The name for Oz in the "Wizard of Oz" was thought up when the creator, Frank Baum, looked at his filing cabinet and saw A-N, and O-Z, hence "Oz."
The name Jeep came from the abbreviation used in the army for the "General Purpose" vehicle, G.P.
The name Wendy was made up for the book "Peter Pan."
The national anthem of Greece has 158 verses. No one in Greece has memorized all 158 verses.
The Neanderthal's brain was bigger than yours is.
The oldest known goldfish lived to 41 years of age. Its name was Fred.
The only 15 letter word that can be spelled without repeating a letter is uncopyrightable.
The only nation whose name begins with an "A" but doesn't end in an "A" is Afghanistan.
The only two days of the year in which there are no professional sports games (MLB, NBA, NHL, or NFL) are the day before and the day after the Major League All-Star Game.
The penguin is the only bird who can swim, but not fly.
The Pentagon, in Arlington, Virginia, has twice as many bathrooms as is necessary. When it was built in the 1940s, the state of Virginia still had segregation laws requiring separate toilet facilities for blacks and whites.
The phrase, "It's all fun and games until someone loses an eye" is from Ancient Rome. The only rule during wrestling matches was, "No eye gouging." Everything else was allowed, but the only way to be disqualified was to poke someone's eye out.
The phrase "rule of thumb" is derived from an old English law which stated that you couldn't beat your wife with anything wider than your thumb.
The placement of a donkey's eyes in its' heads enables it to see all four feet at all times.
The praying mantis is the only insect that can turn its head.
The Ramses brand condom is named after the great pharaoh Ramses II who fathered over 160 children.
The reason firehouses have circular stairways is from the days of yore when the engines were pulled by horses. The horses were stabled on the ground floor and figured out how to walk up straight staircases.
The Sanskrit word for "war" means "desire for more cows."
The "save" icon on Microsoft Word shows a floppy disk, with the shutter on backwards.
The saying "it's so cold out there it could freeze the balls off a brass monkey" came from when they had old cannons like ones used in the Civil War. The cannonballs were stacked in a pyramid formation, called a brass monkey. When it got extremely cold outside they would crack and break off... thus the saying.
The sound of E.T. walking was made by someone squishing her hands in Jello.
The starfish is one of the only animals who can turn it's stomach inside-out.
The state of Florida is bigger than England.
The term "the whole 9 yards" came from WWII fighter pilots in the South Pacific. When arming their airplanes on the ground, the .50 caliber machine gun ammo belts measured exactly 27 feet, before being loaded into the fuselage. If the pilots fired all their ammo at a target, it got "the whole 9 yards."
The three best-known western names in China: Jesus Christ, Richard Nixon, and Elvis Presley.
The United States Government keeps its supply of silver at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.
The United States has never lost a war in which mules were used.
The verb "cleave" is the only English word with two synonyms which are antonyms of each other: adhere and separate.
The very first bomb dropped by the Allies on Berlin during World War II killed the only elephant in the Berlin Zoo.
The word "Checkmate" in chess comes from the Persian phrase "Shah Mat," which means "the king is dead".
The word "modem" is a contraction of the words "modulate, demodulate." (MOdulate DEModulate)
The word "samba" means "to rub navels together."
The world population of chickens is about equal to the number of people.
The worlds oldest piece of chewing gum is 9000 years old.
There are 293 ways to make change for a dollar.
There are 336 dimples on a regulation golf ball.
There are over 52.6 million dogs in the U.S.
There are more chickens than people in the world.
There are more plastic flamingos in America than real ones.
There are only four words in the English language which end in "-dous": tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.
There are only thirteen blimps in the world. Nine of them are in the United States.
There are two credit cards for every person in the United States.
There is a town in Newfoundland, Canada called Dildo.
There wasn't a single pony in the Pony Express, just horses.
Thomas Edison, lightbulb inventor, was afraid of the dark.
Tigers have striped skin, not just striped fur.
To escape the grip of a crocodile's jaws, push your thumbs into its eyeballs -- it will let you go instantly.
Two-thirds of the world's eggplant is grown in New Jersey.
Until 1796, there was a state in the United States called Franklin. Today it is known as Tennessee.
Until 1965, driving was done on the left-hand side on roads in Sweden. The conversion to right-hand was done on a weekday at 5pm. All traffic stopped as people switched sides. This time and day were chosen to prevent accidents where drivers would have gotten up in the morning and been too sleepy to realize that this was the day of the changeover.
When opossums are playing 'possum, they are not "playing." They actually pass out from sheer terror.
When snakes are born with two heads, they fight each other for food.
When the University of Nebraska Cornhuskers play football at home, the stadium becomes the state's third largest city.
White Out was invented by the mother of Mike Nesmith (formerly of the Monkees).
Who's that playing the piano on the "Mad About You" theme? Paul Reiser himself.
Wilma Flintstone's maiden name was Wilma Slaghoopal, and Betty Rubble's Maiden name was Betty Jean Mcbricker.
Windmills always turn counter-clockwise. Except for the windmills in Ireland.
Winston Churchill was born in a ladies' room during a dance.
Women's hearts beat faster than men's.
You blink over 20,000,000 times a year.
You can only smell 1/20th as well as a dog.
You'll eat about 35,000 cookies in a lifetime.
You're born with 300 bones, but when you get to be an adult, you only have 206.
You're more likely to get stung by a bee on a windy day than in any other weather.
Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day.
Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, everytime you breathe.
Your right lung takes in more air than your left one does.
Your stomach has to produce a new layer of mucus every two weeks otherwise it will digest itself.

Як конвертувати ДВД-відео в аудіо файл (mp3)?

2010-05-02T16:01:00.000+03:00

Як стати донором?

2010-04-19T08:11:00.000+03:00

1. Дізнайся адреси донорських пунктів:

Обласна клінічна лікарня
Адреса: вул. Багговутівська, 1 а.
Конт. тел: 489-49-82, відділення гострої онкогематології.
Прийом донорів щодня з 9:00 до 14:00 Центральний міський пункт переливання крові
Адреса: вул. Максима Берлінського, 12.
При київському НДІ гематології та переливання крові.
Прийом донорів пн – птн. з 8:00 до 15:00.
Конт.тел.: 440-66-33

«ОХМАТДИТ», Онкогематологічний центр Української дитячої спеціалізованої лікарні МОЗ України
Адреса: вул. Шолуденка, 10.
Конт.тел.: 236-26-99.
Прийом донорів : на тромбоконцентрат – пн.вт.чтв., на еритроцитарну масу – вт.чтв.
Часи прийому з 9:30 до 13:00

Міський онкологічний центр
Адреса: Верховинна, 29.
Тел. 450-92-64.
Дні обстеження донорів – щоденно з 9:30 до 12:00

Інститут онкології АМН України
Адреса: вул.Ломоносова 33/39
Тел.: 259-01-94
Дні обстеження донорів пн.вт.ср.чт. з 9:30 до 11:30

Науковий центр радіаційної медицини
Адреса: пр-кт Перемоги, 119
Конт.тел.: 450-81-92
Дні прийому донорів щоденно з 9:30 до 11:30

P.S. Візьміть із собою паспорт

2. Дізнайся про свої можливості та протипоказання для здачі крові.

Донором крові та її компонентів може бути люба людина віком від 18років. Перед забором крові донор проходить безкоштовне медичнеобстеження, яке включає огляд терапевта.
Абсолютними протипоказаннями є наявність захворювання ВІЛ-інфекція,сифіліс, вірусний гепатит, туберкульоз, хвороби крові, онкологічнізахворювання.

Тимчасові протипоказання:

видалення зуба (10 днів)
нанесення татуювання (1 рік)
ангіна, грип, ОРВІ (1 місяць з моменту одужання)
менструація (5 днів)
аборт (6 місяців)
період вагітності та лактації (1 рік після родів, 3 місяці після закінчення лактації)
щеплення.

3. Як підготуватися до здачі крові?

У день здачі крові, а також напередодні неможна їсти жирну, гостру такопчену їжу, молочні продукти, яйця, вершкове масло. Пийте солодкий чайз джемом, соки, морси, компоти, мінеральну воду та вживайте хліб,сухарі, сушки, відварні крупи, макарони на воді без масла, овочі тафрукти. За дві доби до здачі крові заборонено вживати алкогольні напої,а за 72 години – приймати ліки, які містять аспірин та анальгетики.Зранку потрібно легко поснідати, а перед процедурою донору потрібновжити гарячий чай. Також за годину до здачі крові краще утриматися відпаління.

Після здачі крові потрібно відпочити протягом 10-15 хвилин.

Якщо ви відчуваєте головокружіння та слабкість треба звернутися долікаря, який знаходиться на пункті збору крові. Самий простий спосібполіпшення головокружіння: лягти на спину, підняти ноги вище голови,або сісти та опустити голову між колін.

НЕ паліть протягом години до, і після здачі крові.
НЕ знімайте пов’язку протягом 3-4-х годин з руки, не мочіть її.
НЕ займайтесь важкою працею протягом доби.
НЕ вживайте алкоголь протягом доби.
НЕ плануйте здачу крові напередодні екзаменів, спортивних змагань

Вживайте більше води протягом двох діб.

Facebook privacy hints

2010-04-14T11:06:00.000+03:00

THE HINTS
-------------
1- Visit this link:

http://www.facebook.com/privacy.php?view=profile

Only allow your friends to view you profile.

2-Never reply to messages or pokes from unknown people. If you do so theywill be granted permission to see some portion of your profile for 30days. However you can select which information they can see from here :

http://www.facebook.com/privacy.php?view=limited&version=-1

3-Do not store your private photos in your 'Profile Picture Album'. Youmay accidentally make strangers see your photos by poking or messagingthem. Instead create a picture album.

4- http://www.facebook.com/editapps.php

Inthis page, you can edit your installed application settings. Forexample you can prevent them sending emails to you or spamming yournews feed and mini feed.

5- Always store 'profile ID' of suspicious people. If they block you and change their name you can never find them again.

http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=xxxxxxxxx

profile id is an integer like this xxxxxxxxx at your address bar while browsing a profile.

Ifsomeone sends you a message, find the 'report message' link. That linkwill also provide you the profile id of the sender. It will look likethis:

http://www.facebook.com/report.php?type=n&cid=mmmmmmmmmm&rid=xxxxxxxxxxx&...
'rid' is the parameter transferring profile id.

6-If you are receiving too many notification emails even for the simplestthings (like someone commenting after you), you can reduce them here:

http://www.facebook.com/editaccount.php?notifications

7-If you upload a .BMP picture to a Facebook application, Facebook willapply it own compression, which is pretty high. This will reduce imagequality. Instead compress your image yourself.

8- An applicationcannot provide you information about who have visited your profilepage. Facebook does not have API support for this purpose for now. Butif both the viewer and the one to be viewed installed this application,there may be a way; actually I don't know FB API very well, I willupdate this when I learn it.

9- You can not cancel a friendrequest. But you can first block and then unblock a person who youaccidentally send friendship request in order to cancel it.Nevertheless, he/she will get a notification about your friend request.

10- There is no way to hide your friend list from one of your friends - unless you put him in your limited profile.
If you can't see friends of your friend, that means you are in his limited profile. Consider your friendship with him.

11-'user id' (or 'profile id', explained above) gives a chronologicalinformation about when a user joined to Facebook. Just by looking userid of two people, you can know which of them joined Facebook first. Youcan even roughly estimate when they joined.

12- Group and pagenames cannot be changed once they are created. So pay more attentionand double check while you are creating your group/page.
.
.
.
n- (I will complete as I remember & find hints)

If you have any suggestion or bug reports on Facebook write here :

http://www.facebook.com/help.php?tab=suggest

Source: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=7675294903

День Валентина - шокирующая история праздника

2010-02-14T00:27:00.000+02:00

Джерело

Суббота, 14 Февраля 2009 г. 06:55 (ссылка) +в цитатник или сообщество +поставить ссылку

(230x346, 19Kb)
Когда праздник отшумел, шоколад, цветы, поздравления и поцелуи остались в прошлом, можно поговорить и о том, что собственно мы праздновали?

История праздника дня Святого Валентина берет своё начало с луперкалий древнего Рима. Луперкалии - эротический фестиваль в честь богини «чувственной» любви Юны и бога Фавна (Луперк - одно из его прозвищ), покровителя стад, который отмечался ежегодно 15 февраля.

В античное время детская смертность была очень высока, В 276 году до н.э Рим чуть было не вымер в результате «эпидемии» мертворождений и выкидышей. Оракул известил, что для повышения рождаемости необходим обряд телесного наказания (порки) женщин с помощью жертвенной кожи. Люди, которые по каким-либо причинам имели мало детей или не имели вообще, рассматривались, как проклятые и прибегали к мистическим обрядам, чтобы обрести способность к деторождению.

Место, где волчица (следуя легенде) выкормила Ромула и Рема (основателей Рима) считалось у римлян святым. Каждый год 15 февраля здесь проводился праздник, называемый «Lupercalia» (от лат. lupo волчица) во время которого в жертву приносились животные. Священники-луперки приносили в жертву коз и собаку, нагими обмазывали себя кровью этих животных, в из их шкур делали бичи. Затем в таком виде они выходили в город, бежали мимо женщин и били их бичами. Женщины охотно подставляли себя, считая, что эти удары дадут им плодовитость и легкие роды. Это стало очень распространенным ритуалом в Риме, в котором участвовали даже члены знатных семейств.

Празднества Луперкалий завершались своеобразной лотереей. Девочки-подростки писали в записках свои имена и помещали эти записки в огромную урну, а затем каждый мужчина вытягивали из урны эти записки. Девочка, имя которой вытягивал мужчина, становилась его сексуальным партнером на целый год до следующих празднеств. Таким образом у людей праздник ассоциировался со свободной любовью и сексом.

В 494 г. Папа Геласий I пытался запретить этот языческий праздник. Вместо имен девочек урна содержала имена христианских святых. По замыслу папы, и мужчины и женщины должны были тянуть из коробки записки с именами и весь год подражать жизненному пути святого, имя которого они вытянули. Кроме того, празднику, который пришел на замену Луперкалиям, был назначен и небесный покровитель - Святой Валентин. Примерно в это же время появляется история, призванная объяснить, почему Святой Валентин покровительствует влюбленным.

Согласно этой легенде в 269 году н. э. римский император Клаудиус Второй постановил декретом, что его солдаты не должны жениться в течение своей военной службы. Он полагал, что если бы солдат женился, то это уменьшило бы силы солдата и преданность императору. Молодой священник Валентин тайно сопротивлялся указу и продолжал проводить запрещенные свадебные церемонии. Когда Клаудиус узнал об этом, он казнил Валентина, побив его камнями и отрубив ему голову за это неповиновение. Он был казнен 14 февраля в 269 году. Позже он был канонизирован церковью.

Позже римский папа Геласий I изменил день празднования Луперкалиа с 15-го на 14-е февраля (День Валентина). Через какое-то время празднества Луперкалиа исчезли, однако между ними и Днем святого Валентина до сих пор остается много общего.

Красный цвет в День Валентина - отголосок пиршеств окровавленных людей. Сердечки, которые были символом этого дня не имеют ничего общего с формой человеческого сердца, потому что были символами женского тела.

По этой причине многие христиане не отмечают этот день.

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STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF A TEXT

2009-12-14T02:45:00.004+02:00

Джерело: The Oadby Beauchamp College

WHAT TO COMMENT ON

Every text is different, and so are each of you. Remember an original response may be highly desirable. Start by responding to the text. Don’t comment on features that are missing unless there is a significant comment to make. Don’t try to include everything, comment on the most significant aspects of the text. Read the text carefully, think, brainstorm and decide on the best order for your points. You are aiming for an essay that is well ordered and clear. Is there a sense of your own voice, originality or a personal response? Your essay should not be vague, but firmly rooted in close textual examination. Always include concise quotations as evidence. Show your specialist linguistic and literary terms. Don’t be repetitive.

What is it?
Newspaper, article, diary, advertisement, political manifesto, sermon, short story, poem....Is the word ‘genre’ helpful? Are there recognisable genre conventions, or does the writer break such conventions? Effect? This might be a significant point to make early in your analysis.

Content?
What is it about?

Intention/Purpose
To entertain, persuade, instruct, advise, inform. This might affect the language. For example, if it seeks-to persuade the text may use emotive, connotative language, and make value judgements. If it is informative, concrete nouns and factual adjectives might dominate the text. If it is instructive, imperative verbs are very likely. A story may have intensifiers and the nouns may be heavily modified. An argumentative text
may have tentative modals. ~ Remember that a text may have more than one intention

Audience?
Age, sex, level of education, specialist market? How does the intended audience affect the language. How much knowledge is assumed. What other values/attitudes of the reader are assumed? Register?

Form?
Headlines, fonts, italics, bold, punctuation and deviations from the orthodox. Don’t spend too long on this, this is language, not Media.

Structure?
How is the content organised? Is it chronological? Does it have flashbacks? Is there a logical development of argument (if, so, therefore, thus, because)? Is there a juxtaposition of ideas? How is the text introduced and concluded?

Authorial Voice?
How conscious are you of the author? What is the perspective - first, second or third person? Is the tone conversational, confessional. Does the writer create a persona? Is s/he subjective or objective? What does the author foreground?

Style?
Formal, colloquial, use of dialect, standard, nonÄstandard. What characterises the lexis (Latinate, verbose, taciturn, field specific, laconic)? What about the syntax, are the sentences simple or complex, or is there an unusual word order? Is there dialogue, monologue or reported speech? Are nouns pre/post modified? Is the tone ironic, humorous, sad angry, patronising? Is the tone consistent or does it shift? Does the text make use of shocking, taboo language? Are there any rhetorical devices? Active or passive voice? Metaphors and other literary techniques?

Internal, deep structure?
Textual cohesion, reiteration, ellipsis, substitution, collocation or deviant collocation?

Literary terms?
Alliteration, assonance, imagery, simile, rhyme, pararhyme, personification...

Argument?
Persuasion, political tract, sermon, advertisement. Is there evidence of bias, or does the writer make concessions to the other side of the argument? Does the writer anticipate the other side of the argument? Is there a plea to or sense of camaraderie with the audience? Are there balanced two part sentences and use of semiÄcolons? Is there a more sophisticated lexis?

Social Issues?
Class, gender, race, age.

Miscellany
Puns, euphemisms, archaic language, affixation, use of quotations, ambiguity, idiom, cliches, stream of consciousness, phonological features, foreign words, nonsense words, rhythm, metre, anecdotes, didactic, satire, hyperbole, vernacular, coherence, sarcasm, disclaimers...

DON'T MERELY POINT OUT FEATURES. SAY WHY THE WRITER HAS USED THEM AND CONSIDER WHAT THE WRITER IS TRYING TO DO. WHAT? HOW? WHY? EFFECT?

Джерело: The Oadby Beauchamp College

THE SCHEME OF STYLISTIC ANALYSIS

2009-12-13T18:45:00.000+02:00

Speak of the author in brief.
- the facts of his biography relevant for his creative activities;
- the epoch (historical and social background);
- the literary trend he belongs to;
- the main literary pieces (works);
Give a summary of the extract (or the story) under consideration (the gist, the content of the story in a nutshell).
State the problem raised (tackled) by the author.
Formulate the main idea conveyed by the author (the main line of the thought, the author's message).
Give a general definition of the text under study:
- a 3d person narration
- a 1st-person narration (an I-story)
- narration interlaced with descriptive passages and dialogues of the personages
- narration broken by digressions (philosophical, psychological, lyrical, etc;
- an account of events interwoven with a humorous (ironical, satirical) portrayal of society, or the personage, etc.
Define the prevailing mood (tone, slant,) of the extract.
It may be lyrical, dramatic, tragic, optimistic/pessimistic, melodramatic, sentimental, emotional/unemotional, pathetic, dry and matter-of-fact, gloomy, bitter, sarcastic, cheerful, etc.
The composition of the extract (or the story).
Divide the text into logically complete parts and entitle them. If possible choose the key-sentence (the topic sentence) in each part that reveals its essence. The compositional pattern of a complete story (chapter, episode) may be as follows:
1. the exposition (introduction);
2. the development of the plot (an account of events);
3. the climax (the culminating point);
4. the denouement (the outcome of the story).
Give a detailed analysis of each logically complete part.
Follow the formula- matter- the form. It implies that, firstly, you should dwell upon the content of the part and, second, comment upon the language means (EM and SD) employed by the author to achieve desired effect, to render his thoughts and feelings.

NB! Sum up your observations and draw conclusions.
Point out the author's language means which make up the essential properties of his individual style.

The suggested extract represents a 3rd Person Narration (a 1st Person Narration) interlaced (interwoven, intermingled) with a dialogue, character drawings, a description, a satirical portrayal of society, a historical event, the inner monologue of the leading character, with the author's digression where he speculates upon the problem of...

The author's digression reveals his vision of life...

The writer digresses from the plot of the story to reveal (convey) his attitude to... (his view on...)

The narration is done in the 1st (the 3rd) person.

The main character is the narrator of his own feelings, thoughts and intentions.

The story-teller portrays his characters by means of a convergence of SDs, such as.

The portrayal of literary personages is done skillfully (masterfully, with great skill).

The description (portray-' narration) may be vivid, convincing, powerful, meaningful. Highly emotional, unemotional, suggestive etc.

The 4th part is focused on John Smith.

The author focuses (his attention) on the character's inner world.

The author depicts the life of...

The subject of depiction in the 2nd part is...

The passage opens with the atmosphere of growing suspense (excitement, ervousness, fright etc.)

The paragraph abounds in ( is abundant in ) slang set-phrases

The writer makes an abundant use of

The compositional structure of the extract fragment) is based on parallelism.

Parallelism (parallel constructions are) is accompanied by anaphora (framing etc.)

These paragraphs stand in sharp contrast to each other.

The paragraph is built in sharp contrast to the following one. The contrast is reflected (manifested) in the language, both in syntactical and lexical means.

The paragraph is in full accord (accordance) with the preceding one as far as its idea goes.

The author (story-teller) draws a gloomy (majestic, miserable etc.) picture.

The writer uses ( makes use of, employs, resorts to ) common colloquial vocabulary juridical terminology (law terms)

to give the narration (to lend) more authenticity and objectivity to lend the story a humorous ring

to make the story sound melodramatic (sentimental etc.) It testifies to the writer's mastery (skill). This detail (fact, expression, device) is suggestive of ... is highly informative.

It suggests that...

It helps the reader guess (realize, come to the conclusion etc.)

It leaves much for the reader's guesswork.

The syntactical pattern of the sentence (paragraph) is suggestive (informative, meaningful).

The syntactical pattern (structure, design) is peculiar (is broken, is violated...) He resorts to high-flown (elevated) words to convey the inner tragedy of his personage.

There is a discrepancy between the bookish, elevated vocabulary and the trivial (banal) situation with ordinary men doing everyday things (or the daily routine of ordinary men).

It usually produces a humorous (ironical) effect. It reveals the writer's ironical attitude to... It is used as a means of irony. The writer makes use of various language means to depict (portray, convey, reveal etc.) The author digresses from the thread of narration (the topic of story).

To pursue his aim the author employs (resorts to, adheres to, uses). The author converses with the reader as if he has an interlocutor before him. (The reader is involved into the events of the text.) The author lays bare (exposes, unmasks, condemns, touches upon, dwells on, delineates, highlights, stresses, underlines, ridicules, mocks at, accentuates)... The author lays (puts, places) emphasis (stress) on... The writer carries the idea to the mind of the reader through... The SD is the indicator (signal) of the character's emotions (emotional tension, mixed feelings).

The SD stresses (underlines, discloses, accentuates, emphasizes, is meant to point out, throws light on, highlights, adds to, contributes to, (lightens, enhances, intensifies, gives an insight into, explains and clarifies, serves to provide the text with additional emphases). The satirical (humorous, ironical) effect is hightened (enhanced, intensified, augmented) by a convergence of SD and EM in the paragraph. The SD contributes (adds) to the same effect (the effect desired by the author, the effect the author strives for, a more colourful and emotional presentation of the scene). The SD adds importance to the indication of the place (time, manner) of action is suggestive (illustrative, expressive) (it indicates where and when the scene is laid). The SD is suggestive (illustrative, expressive, explicit, implicit) of...

The SD and EM are linked and interwoven to produce a joint impression (are aimed at achieving the desired effect). The SD wants (needs) interpreting, decoding. It prepares the ground for the next sentence (paragraph). The SD makes explicit what has been implied before (lends an additional expressiveness). It is implicit in nature, makes the
utterance arresting, enables the author to convey the feelings and emotions of the character, reveals the character's low (high) social position, indicates the step the character occupies in the social ladder, serves best to specify the author's (character's)
attitude to. There is no direct indication of that. It is understood indirectly
through (perceived through)... The title (SD) is highly informative (symbolic, emotive, emotionally coloured, emphatic).

The SD suggests a definite kind of informational design. It is to the word "..." that prominece must be given. If we analyse the intonational pattern of the sentence we see that to the word "..." is given a strong (heavy) stress. Looking deeper into the arrangement of the utterance we come to the conclusion that... The reader traces the marked partiality of the writer for his personage. In order to impose (impress) on the reader his attitude towards the character the author employs...

Leading gradually up to the hidden idea that he is pursuing the writer makes the reader feel... The most convincing proof of the idea is... We'll discuss the implication the following sentence suggests... Hints and suggestive remarks (implications and suggestions) are scattered all over the text. On a more careful observation it becomes obvious that...

It is worthwhile going a little deeper in (to) the language texture.

The idea is hidden between the lines in order to grasp the author's idea.

The word (sentence) is charged (loaded, burdened) with implication (connotation).

The SD suggests a touch of authenticity (plausibility) to the narrated events (it makes the reader believe that the narrated events have actually taken place in real life).

The episode is presented through the perception of the character (this type of presenting a picture of life as if perceived by a character that creates the so-called effect of immediate presence). The SD serves as a clue to the further development of the action. The plot unfolds (itself) dynamically ('slowly).

Words and word combinations suggested for reproducing dialogues in narrative form.

to think that
to believe that
to wonder why (when, how, where)
to understand
to point out
to admit
to persist
to doubt
to stress
to confirm
to insist
to reassure
to suggest
to wish
to know
to reject
to assure
to expect that
to reproach
to deny
to consider (regard)
to suppose that
to urge
to be certain that
to object to

Assignment

Translate the word combinations and sentences suggested above and
learn them.
Make use of these word combinations and sentences when fulfilling
the assignments on the sheme of stylistic analysis.

Взято з: Ranez.Ru - Неофициальный Сайт Факультета Иностранных Языков НГПУ

The passage to be analysed from “A Farewell to Arms” by E.Hemingway

2009-12-12T22:56:00.001+02:00

Please don't Let Her Die

Chapter 41

Frederic and Catherine have escaped to Switzerland. She is now in the maternity ward of a hospital in Lausanne where she has just lost her baby. Frederic has just left the hospital to take a short break and is eating in a cafe.

(...)

I ate the ham and eggs and drank the beer. The ham and eggs were in a round dish - the ham underneath and the eggs on top. It was very hot and at the first mouthful I had to take a drink of beer to cool my mouth. I was hungry and I asked the waiter for another order. I drank several glasses of beer. I was not thinking at all but read the paper of the man opposite me. It was about the break through on the British front¹. When he realized I was reading the back of his paper he folded it over. I thought of asking the waiter for a paper, but I could not concentrate. It was hot in the cafe and the air was bad. Many of the people at the tables knew one another. There were several card games going on. The waiters were busy bringing drinks from the bar to the tables. Two men came in and could find no place to sit. They stood opposite the table where I was. I ordered another beer. I was not ready to leave yet. It was too soon to go back to the hospital. I tried not to think and to be perfectly calm. The men stood around but no one was leaving, so they went out. I drank another beer. There was quite a pile of saucers² now on the table in front of me. The man opposite me had taken off his spectacles, put them away in a case, folded his paper and put it in his pocket and now sat holding his liqueur glass and looking out at the room. Suddenly I knew I had to get back. I called the waiter, paid the reckoning³, got into my coat, put on my hat and started out the door. I walked through the rain up to the hospital. Upstairs I met the nurse coming down the hall.

'I just called you at the hotel,' she said. Something dropped⁴ inside me. 'What is wrong?'

'Mrs Henry has had a haemorrhage.'

'Can I go in?'

'No, not yet. The doctor is with her.' Is it dangerous?'

It is very dangerous.' The nurse went into the room and shut the door. I sat outside in the hall. Everything was gone inside of me. I did not think. I could not think. I knew she was going to die and I prayed that she would not. Don't let her die. Oh, God, please don't let her die. I'll do anything for you if you won't let her die. Please, please, please, dear God, don't let her die. Dear God, don't let her die. Dear God, don't let her die. Please, please, please don't let her die. God, please make her not die. I'll do anything you say if you won't let her die. You took the baby but don't let her die. That was all right but don't let her die. Please, please, dear God, don't let her die.

The nurse opened the door and motioned⁵ with her finger for me to come. I followed her into the room. Catherine did not look up when I came in. I went over to the side of the bed. The doctor was standing by the bed on the opposite side. 45 Catherine looked at me and smiled. 1 bent down over the bed and started to ay.

'Poor darling,' Catherine said very
softly. She looked grey.

'You're all right, Cat,' I said. 'You're going to be all right.' 'I'm going to die,' she said; then waited and said, 'I hate it,' I took her hand.(...)'You'll be all right, Cat. I know you'll be all right.' I meant to write you a letter to have if anything happened, but I didn't do it.'

'Do you want me to get a priest or anyone to come and see you?' 'Just you,' she said. Then a little later, 'I'm not afraid. I just hate it.' 'You must not talk so much,' the doctor said. 'All right,' Catherine said.

'Do you want me to do anything, Cat? Can I get you anything?' Catherine smiled. 'No, Then a little later, 'You won't do our things with another girl, or say the same things, will you?' 'Never.'

'I want you to have girls, though.' 'I don't want them.'

'You are talking too much,' the doctor said. 'Mr Henry must go out. He can come back again later. You are not going to die. You must not be silly.' 'All right,' Catherine said. 'I'll come and stay with you nights,' she said. It was very hard for her to talk.

'Please go out of the room,' the doctor said. 'You cannot talk,' Catherine winked⁶ at me, her face grey. 'I'll be right outside,' I said. 'Don't worry, darling,' Catherine said. 'I'm not a bit afraid. It's just a dirty trick⁷. You dear, brave sweet.

I waited outside in the hall. I waited a long time. The nurse came to the door and came over to me. 'I'm afraid Mrs Henry is very ill,' she said. 'I'm afraid for her.' 'Is she dead?'

'No, but she is unconscious.'

It seems she had one hemorrhage after another. They couldn't stop it. I went into the room and stayed with Catherine until she died. She was unconscious all the time, and it did not take her very long to die.

The Baptists and the Amish

2009-11-19T11:19:00.001+02:00

Author: Dr. Kent Hovind

I am, without apology, an independent fundamental Baptist. As a new Christian, I was raised up spiritually on the preaching of Jack Hyles, John R. Rice, Bob Gray, Lee Roberson, Bob Jones and Tom Malone. My pastor was Loren Dawson who operated (and still does) The Gospel Tape Ministry with over 10,000 sermons on tape from all of the great fundamentalists of this century. Pastor Dawson fed me a steady diet of great sermon tapes for over ten years. I graduated from Midwestern Baptist College (an independent Baptist college) in 1974, pastored an independent Baptist Church and started an independent Baptist Christian school. I have, for 33 years, been an unwavering, uncompromising fundamentalist. I am deeply concerned, however, for my fellow fundamentalists. I am much afraid that we will go the way of the Amish if certain attitudes are not corrected rapidly.

I know that many of the Amish people are saved and love the same God that I love. I was raised in a Mennonite church as a child. I have spoken in Amish (and Mennonite) schools. I don’t mean to speak evil of the Amish people but they serve as a great example of what I fear is happening in our independent Baptist movement. Please allow me to explain: Several years ago I was speaking in an independent Baptist Church in the middle of Amish country in Canada. The pastor arranged for me to speak in an Amish school. The kids were very well behaved and listened intently as I spoke. I noticed that some were dressed with black clothes and some had blue clothing. Some kids had buttons while others had hooks and loops. I learned that there are over a dozen kinds of Amish and Mennonite in that area. All are splinter groups off the original church. Some have electricity, telephones, cars, etc. while others do not.

Here are my observations:

Many of the Amish people really are saved and love the Lord.
Each group uses peer pressure to keep its members in line. Any member who violates the rules of the group is "shunned". This shunning has severe economic and social consequences for the outcast member.
The Amish win few if any outside people to the Lord. The purity of the group becomes their badge of spirituality. The great commission is not being fulfilled in the Amish community to any visible extent.
They are a gazing stock. People come from miles around to 'look at the Amish' but not to join the Amish. They think they have fulfilled the command to be a peculiar people.
Each group of Amish thinks of themselves as being more spiritual than the others. Those without a telephone feel like those who have phones are denying the faith and should be avoided. Adherence to the group's rules becomes evidence of spirituality.
The issues they split over are non-Biblical.
They use guilt by association-shun those who don't shun those we shun, if a member is shunned, any who associate with them will be shunned as well as any who associate with those who associate with the one being shunned.
There seems to be no limit to the number of these "degrees or levels of separation".
They are fighting the wrong enemy. Satan is the enemy. Many good people are being wasted for God's service because they get discouraged with the petty rules of the herd.
Many independent Baptists are just as childish in their behavior. Many have created petty rules that are several levels removed from scripture.
We would do better to get back to winning souls and building the believers in the faith.
The real enemy is the Devil, not other Christians.
It is easy to find points to differ on with anyone. Some points (like the Deity of Christ) are worth breaking fellowship over and some (like drums in church) are not.
We need to learn to eat the meat and spit out the bones. Take the good and reject the bad.

My ministry on the subject of creation is the foundation of Scripture. All Christians need a solid foundation in Genesis. After we win the war over the authority of Genesis, we can continue our fight over other doctrinal distinctives. Please try to understand. I'm not suggesting that Christian denominations should forget all their distinctive and unite into a super church. I'm glad for the differences. I'm just trying to rebuild our foundation. To those who differ with my policy, I ask for Christian charity and understanding. I really love the Lord and want to serve Him.

In Christ,
Dr. Kent Hovind
Creation Science Evangelism

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2009-11-13T17:57:00.005+02:00

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22 missionary families will be executed today

2009-11-13T15:40:00.003+02:00

Dear brethren and sisters,
Since sending out the prayer requests for the missionaries in Afghanistan last night, we have received so many varying responses with varying views. Some have replied expressing earnest concern. Others have replied saying that they prayed for them. Others have said that the prayer request was a hoax, and that someone had just personally contacted the missionaries in Afghanistan and they are fine. Still others said that the missionaries were supposed to have been killed in 2007 and never were, while another view was that they actually were martyred in 2007. How can we know what the real story is? Our hearts in sending out the message was to draw the body of Messiyah together to pray for those who are in need of our concern. We do not usually send forwards on, but when we received the email last night, it just seemed wrong to withhold from sending it on. So we sent it. So many things circulate over email that aren't real, so it is impossible to know what the true story is..... but, we didn't want to disregard a serious matter that could be real. It seemed wrong to sit back in our cushioned little American sector of the world and refuse to send this prayer request out simply because we did not have proof that it was real. It seems sometimes we think we have to have proof of everything. We have all prayed together about these families and others in similar situations. Whether or not this particular occurrence is genuine, we do not know. We do know that such things do and have happened and will happen again in the future, and such prayer requests can remind us to pray for the body of Messiyah as a whole. When will such things happen here? Will we someday be in such a situation? We don't know. But each of us might ponder: "If I am ever in such a situation, I hope that people will not carelessly toss aside my prayer request commenting, 'Well, I don't even know if that's true', and then just go on their merry way." Such prayer requests can remind us to pray for political, spiritual, and family situations all over the globe. There is a great need for prayer! In the hustle and bustle and rush of life, there seems to be so little time found for prayer. Where is the effectual and fervent prayer of the righteous man? It is not popular today. Yahweh, we need more praying individuals..... not individuals who say a few repititious sentences before each meal, but individuals who truly talk heart-to-heart with You. Yahweh, make us into praying individuals!
We have another very sobering prayer request to share with you, and this is one regarding a family that we personally know. We do not know them well, but they are friends of friends, and have visited in our home once. This family, the Jones family of New Hampshire, has nine children. Their precious little four-year-old girl Sarah was diagnosed with leukemia, and for quite some time they have been fighting a very painful medical battle for her life. Though they still cling to hope for her, it is appearing as though they will lose her. Having lost a young child ourselves several years ago, our hearts break for them. If anyone would feel inclined to send them a word of consolation and love and prayer, we would be most happy to send along such to them, as we are sure they would appreciate it so much. If you desire to send them an email, please just respond to this email with your message for them, and we will pass it along to them. Or, if you prefer to send a card or letter, you may send it to Ben and Susan Jones ~ Post Office Box 7 ~ Shippensburg, PA 17257 and we will certainly send it their way.

"Rejoice with those who rejoice; weep with those who weep. Live in harmony with one another..." (Romans 12:15-16a) We strongly encourage you to send something to encourage and comfort the Jones family.

Very sincerely in Messiyah, the Coover family
jitwministries(at sign)pa.net

Source: U.S.Milvets

More links: Under His Care (blog), Google

О “свинском” гриппе

2009-11-04T12:51:00.005+02:00

"Меня так уже достала тотальная медицинская безграмотность, что выдавливаю-таки из себя эту заметку.
Постараюсь попроще.

Сначала о самом гриппе. Грипп изначально вирус птичий. От птиц заражаются домашние животные (свиньи, овцы, лошади). От них уже человек. При этом убойная сила вируса снижается. Так же она снижается при заражении человека человеком. Т.е. заболеть выгоднее в конце эпидемии, а не в ее начале. Недавняя эпидемия птичьего гриппа была страшна тем, что человек заражался непосредственно от птиц. Этот грипп был убойнее всего.

Обрадую вас – скорее всего, вы заразитесь. Профилактика мало что дает. От нас зависит только течение болезни, ее тяжесть.

Дальше пойдут сплошные восклицательные знаки. Может, хоть это поможет вам запомнить, что:
Антибиотики от гриппа не помогают! Сульфаниламиды (бисептол, сульфадиметоксин) от гриппа не помогают! Марлевые повязки не помогают! Укрепление иммунитета от заражения не спасет! От самого гриппа умирают мало (обычно старики и очень маленькие дети). Умирают от осложнений.

Что же делать?

Полноценно питаться и отдыхать. Организм должен быть максимально сильным при заражении. Употребление витаминов от вируса не спасет, но облегчит течение болезни. Некоторую гарантию от заражения дают иммуномодулирующие препараты – Амизон, Арбидол и Амиксин (не путать с иммуностимуляторами типа Эхинацеи – они вам не помогут). Они стимулируют выработку собственного интерферона. Можно закладывать внос Окcолиновую мазь на гидрофильной основе (не на вазелине!). Если повязка добавит вам уверенности, можете купить хирургическую No.95. Она хоть как-то защищает. Только менять повязки нужно каждые два-три часа. Менять, разумеется, на новую.

По непроверенным данным помогает аскорбиновая блокада. При первых симптомах гриппа выпейте единоразово 2-3 грамма витамина С (имеет смысл покупать стироловскую аскорбинку по 0,5 гр в таблетке). В течении следующих двенадцати часов выпейте еще несколько раз витамин С так, чтобы довести совокупную дозу до 8-10 грамм. Позже аскорбиновая блокада уже бессмысленна.

Доказано противовирусное действие чеснока. Чтобы чеснок помогал, нужно съедать около полукилограмма в сутки. Что несказанно обрадует ваших близких и коллег.

Если заболели... Теоретически можно попить противовирусные препараты. Хоть они и стоят, как самолет. Это Занамивир (торговое название Relenza), Озельтамивир (торговое название Tamiflu или Ribavirin), Аматадин (торговые названия Глудантан, Мидантан, ПК-Мерц). Римантадин уже не работает. Закапывание в нос лейкоцетарного коровьего интерферона уже не помогает. Тамифлю в прошлом году еще помогал. Но грипп пройдет и так. Главное – не допустить осложнений. Поэтому: покой, постельный режим, теплое питье, полноценное легкоусваиваемое питание с упором на белки (отварное мясо, рыбу, яйца, бульоны).Часто моем руки, проводим влажную уборку помещения и проветриваем. Это поможет существенно снизить концентрацию вирусов в окружающей среде. Хорошо использовать аромалампу с маслом Чайного дерева. Именно это масло отличается противовирусным действием. С ним же можно делать ингаляции и полоскания. Это несколько защитит вас от возможных осложнений. Можно облучать помещения УФ-лампой, у кого есть.

Температуру ниже 38 градусов не сбивать. Выше - сбивать или амизоном, или парацетамолом (парацетамол совершенно не совместим с алкоголем!). Ни в коем случае не аспирином. Аспирин повышает проницаемость сосудов, а при гриппе они и так как решето. Зачем нам микрокровоизлияния по всему организму?

Фитотерапия на вирус не действует. Так что пьем только то, что выводит токсины из организма и облегчает самочувствие. Слабенькие мочегонные и потогонные травки.
Кстати, внешняя температура тоже никак на вирус не действует. Если уже заболели, то, теоретически, можно гулять в двадцатиградусный мороз поедая мороженное. Хуже уже не будет. Так что пить можно и теплое и холодное. А вот горячее не нужно. Кипяток все равно не выпьете, а вот слизистую обжечь очень легко. Пить один чай тоже не очень хорошо. Чай задерживает жидкость в организме. Да и нагрузка на сердце, которая нам не нужна.

Хорошо выводит токсины (именно от них нам плохо) пектин. Поэтому яблоки, сливы, черную смородину и соки из них (с мякотью).

Если пошло осложнение на верхние дыхательные пути (трахеит, бронхит),тут же начинаем пить Амброксол (Лазолван) или Ацетилцистеин (АЦЦ).Можно подключить тяжелую артиллерию – Эриспал. Но он сравнительно дорогой и это последний рубеж перед антибиотиками.

Если при гриппе врача можно не вызывать, то когда начинается кашель --врач обязателен! Услышать хрипы в бронхах и легких может только врач!

По-поводу целесообразности вакцинации ведется много споров. Лично я против. Во-первых, на данный момент в Украине вакцины от текущего вируса просто нет. И что вам вколют - неизвестно. Во-вторых, возможны разнообразные побочные эффекты. Вы можете даже заболеть гриппом от вакцинации. И вакцинация не дает гарантии от заражения. Примерно так. Не болейте."

Ірина Синіна
Літературний редактор. Новий канал

U.N. Report Describes Risks of Inaction on Climate Change

2009-10-11T15:12:00.000+03:00

U.N. Report Describes Risks of Inaction on Climate Change
By ELISABETH ROSENTHAL

Published: November 17, 2007
VALENCIA, Spain, Nov. 16 — In its final and most powerful report, a United Nations panel of scientists meeting here describes the mounting risks of climate change in language that is both more specific and forceful than its previous assessments, according to scientists here.

Synthesizing reams of data from its three previous reports, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the first time specifically points out important risks if governments fail to respond: melting ice sheets that could lead to a rapid rise in sea levels and the extinction of large numbers of species brought about by even moderate amounts of warming, on the order of 1 to 3 degrees.

The report carries heightened significance because it is the last word from the influential global climate panel before world leaders meet in Bali, Indonesia, next month to begin to discuss a global climate change treaty that will replace the Kyoto protocol, which expires in 2012. It is also the first report from the panel since it was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in October — an honor that many scientists here said emboldened them to stand more forcefully behind their positions.

As a sign of the deepening urgency surrounding the climate change issue, the report, which was being printed Friday night, will be officially released by Secretary General Ban Ki-moon on Saturday.

The full report was embargoed from news organizations until Saturday. But drafts have been circulating for weeks, and descriptions of its findings began to appear on Web sites and in news agency reports on Friday. Bush administration officials held a news conference to discuss the report but insisted that their comments be withheld until after its official release.

“This document goes further than any of the previous efforts,” said Hans Verolme, director of the World Wildlife Fund’s Global Climate Change Program. “The pressure has been palpable — people know they are delivering a document that will be cited for years to come and will define policy.”

The previous three sections, released between February and April, focused on one issue at a time: the first on science, the second on how the world could adapt to warming and the third about how countries could “mitigate,” or reduce the greenhouse gases produced.

This fourth and final assessment — the so-called synthesis report — seeks to combine lessons from all three. Its conclusions are culled from data contained in the thousands of pages that were essentially technical supplements to the panel’s previous publications. How that data is summarized and presented to the world is a powerful guide to what the scientists consider of utmost importance at the end of a five-year process, offering concrete guidelines for policy makers.

“You look to a synthesis report to provide clarity, to clarify what was obscure in previous reports,” said Michael Oppenheimer, a climate scientist at Princeton University. “Now, how can we take these findings and formulate a policy response that’s quick enough and big enough?”

While drafts of the panel’s reports are written by panels of scientists, the language is reviewed and often altered by delegates from 130 governments who meet before their final approval and release. Those negotiations took place here this week, and were often contentious, with the United States, China and India raising many objections, said scientists who spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not allowed to publicly refer to any countries by name.

The scientists and country representatives who had flocked here this week to participate in negotiations on the final wording applauded as the panel’s chairman, Rajendra Pachauri, declared the panel’s years of work concluded, just after 10:30 p.m. on Friday.

Even though the synthesis report is more alarming than its predecessors, some researchers believe that it still understates the trajectory of global warming and its impact. The I.P.C.C.’s scientific process, which takes five years of study and writing from start to finish, cannot take into account the very latest data on climate change or economic trends, which show larger than predicted development and energy use in China.

“The world is already at or above the worst case scenarios in terms of emissions,” said Gernot Klepper, of the Kiel Institute for World Economy in Kiel, Germany. “In terms of emissions, we are moving past the most pessimistic estimates of the I.P.C.C., and by some estimates we are above that red line.”

The panel presents several scenarios for the trajectory of emissions and climate change. In 2006, 8.4 gigatons of carbon were put into the atmosphere from fossil fuels, according to a study in the proceedings of the National Academy of Science, which was co-written by Dr. Klepper. That is almost identical to the panel’s worst case prediction for that year.

While the United States, Saudi Arabia and China tried to change the text in order to play down the consequences of global warming, developing nations — which will bear the initial brunt of climate change — were much more forceful than at previous meetings in opposing these efforts, one scientist who was in the negotiating room said.

"I suspect that will continue,” he said. “As they feel more and more threatened by the sea and the storms they will insist that, as one of them put it, ‘We do not want this report to be warm and fuzzy when the reality is cold and risky,’ or something like that,” he said.

One novel aspect of the report is a specific list of “Reasons for Concern.” It includes items that are thought to be very likely outgrowths of climate change that had been mentioned in previous reports, like an increase in extreme weather events.
But it for the first time includes less likely but more alarming possibilities, like the relatively rapid melting of polar ice. Previous reports focused more on changes the scientists felt were “highly likely.”

“This time, they take a step back and look at the totality,” Dr. Verolme said. “Saying it is less likely to occur, but if it does we are fried.”

One such area is the future melting of ice sheets in Greenland and western Antarctica. In earlier reports, the panel’s scientists acknowledged that their computer models were poor at such predictions, and did not reflect the rapid melting that scientists have recently observed. If these areas melt entirely, seas would rise 40 feet, scientists said. While scientists are certain that the sheets will melt over millennia, producing sea-level rises, there is now evidence to suggest that it could happen much faster than this, perhaps over centuries.

“In my view that would make it not just difficult, but impossible to adapt successfully, some of my colleagues would say catastrophic,” said Dr. Oppenheimer. “If they say that it’s possible that melting could occur in centuries leading to meters of change, that’s a headline.”

This final report also puts more emphasis on the ripple effect of small degrees of temperature change, some of which are already being seen, such as species extinctions and loss of biodiversity.

“A relatively modest degree of warming — one to three degrees — spells a lot of trouble and I think that was not clear in the previous report,” Dr. Oppenheimer said. He said part of the reason for the lack of clarity was that governments had “messed around” with the language and structure of the report during the approval process.

This time around, the consequences of different degrees of climate change will be better laid out so that the ministers who meet in Bali next month will understand the options and the consequences of inaction. “This should light a fire under policy makers,” Dr. Oppenheimer said.

Africa Needs an Al Jazeera. By Philip Fiske de Gouveia.

2009-10-10T01:35:00.000+03:00

Africa Needs an Al Jazeera By Philip Fiske de Gouveia Posted June 2005

If G-8 leaders want to promote good governance in Africa, they should pave the way for a news network that will give corrupt politicians headaches all over the continent.

Africa has been at the front and center of this year’s upcoming G-8 summit. British Prime Minister Tony Blair has apparently made it his personal mission to deal with this “scar on the conscience of the world.” In a welcome move, world leaders have agreed to cancel $40 billion of debt owed by 18 developing countries, most of them African. An additional 20 countries may qualify for debt relief if they satisfy standards of good governance.

But debt relief is not enough. Nor are conventional efforts to deal with Africa’s numerous problems. To help tackle the traditional bugbears—the lack of foreign investment, low education standards, widespread disease, endemic corruption, poor infrastructure, and frequent conflict—politicians must now address a key variable in Africa’s plight: its media.

African countries cannot hope to democratize or prosper without a free press that informs the public, analyzes government policies, and raises concerns if segments of society are marginalized. In the Middle East, new media outlets have begun to become powerful catalysts for political and economic progress. Independent media that constantly hold African leaders’ feet to the fire will help sustain reform efforts throughout the continent. In short, Africa needs its own Al Jazeera.

It may seem strange to identify the Arabic-language channel as a model to be replicated in Africa, but if freedom is indeed on the move in the Middle East, Al Jazeera can claim a good deal of the credit. The station’s broadcasts, which are available across the region, pressure governments to open up. In just nine years of existence, Al Jazeera has received hundreds of complaints from regimes not accustomed to scrutiny. Now, Arab governments realize they must justify their actions to millions of television viewers. That’s why leaders such as Libya’s Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi criticize Al Jazeera, yet eagerly jump at the network’s interview requests. As a consequence, even hawkish American conservative Richard Perle recently conceded that Al Jazeera is playing an important role in encouraging the spread of democracy. Indeed, if a democratic Iraq is to be the first domino in a line tumbling across the region, the United States will need Al Jazeera to spread the good news.

Today, the media market in most African countries is a mix of state-controlled broadcasting and a limited, often self-censored, press. To remedy this problem, a partnership of African governments, entrepreneurs, and nongovernmental organizations, with the support of Western donors, should establish an independent, indigenous, multimedia, multilingual, pan-continental broadcasting network—owned and managed by Africans. Such an entity, broadcasting on television, radio, and the Internet, would push secretive governments toward greater transparency, foster economic and political ties between distant parts of the continent, and report honestly on events and trends affecting Africans. Had such a network been on hand to counter the malicious violence-inciting Rwandan media in 1994, the killing might not have assumed genocidal proportions. One wonders, for example, how the crisis in Sudan’s Darfur region might have played out differently had the African journalists reporting on the ground been able to sooner to capture and broadcast television pictures of the tragedy.

To be sure, tremendous obstacles stand in the way of establishing a pan-African broadcaster. There will be no shortage of African governments that aim to harass such a network. Some Western countries, such as the United States and Britain, may see such an entity as a threat to their carefully crafted communications and public diplomacy strategies. And a truly African network would have to navigate a number of complex issues, including language, content, distribution, funding, and regulation.

These obstacles can be overcome. As Arab governments have learned, it is almost impossible to prevent people from watching satellite television or listening to transnational radio. There are also a number of private, Africa-based initiatives already under way whose expertise could be incorporated into a larger effort. Some, like the Africa Together Vision (ATV) project, are already investigating the feasibility of a pan-African TV channel; others, such as AllAfrica.com and Inter Press Service have become unofficial pan-African news agencies.

What’s more, an African news network would be affordable. Al Jazeera was established with an initial grant of $140 million. The BBC World Service, broadcasting in more than 40 languages, runs on an annual budget of around $425 million. In the context of the $40 billion of debt recently written off by developed world governments, the sum required to create a pan-African broadcasting company—perhaps $300 million—seems modest. To date, Western organizations such as Internews and the BBC World Service Trust have worked hard to train African journalists. It is time to take the next step. When they sit down to discuss African aid and debt relief next month, the G-8 leaders should take a moment to talk TV.

Philip Fiske de Gouveia is director of the Public Diplomacy program at the London-based Foreign Policy Centre.

Bad Medicine. By Moises Naim,

2009-10-10T01:34:00.000+03:00

Bad Medicine By Moises Naim, editor of FOREIGN POLICY Foreign Policy March/April 2005

The war on corruption is leaving the world worse than we found it.
About a decade ago, the world witnessed a corruption eruption. As democratic winds swept the world, the dirty deals of once unaccountable dictators and bureaucrats came out into the open. During the Cold War, kleptocratic dictatorships often traded their allegiance to one of the two superpowers in exchange for its countenance of their thievery. With the superpower contest over, such corrupt bargains dried up. And, thanks to the information revolution, the slightest hint of corruption at the highest levels quickly became global news.

Once people learned so many politicians had been on the take—often in cahoots with business leaders—it was only natural that there would be a public outcry for a “war on corruption.” Countries enacted anti-corruption legislation, corporations adopted stern codes of conduct, and nongovernmental organizations such as Transparency International were launched to “name and shame” countries into action. National watchdog agencies, complete with powerful anti-corruption czars, sprouted everywhere. From Germany to Peru to South Korea, corruption scandals entangled seemingly untouchable former heads of state, and around the world an unprecedented number of top government officials and business executives were ousted or jailed. If you were running for office and challenging a powerful incumbent, you almost certainly ran a “clean-hands campaign,” labeling your opponent as a corrupt fixture of the old order. For those in the trenches, the crowning event of the war on corruption was the 2003 U.N. Convention Against Corruption, endorsed by more than 100 countries.

Unfortunately, the reports from the frontlines are not encouraging. “The last 10 years have been deeply disappointing,” says Daniel Kaufmann, one of the leading experts on anti-corruption efforts. “Much was done, but not much was accomplished. What we are doing is not working.” In fact, it may be hurting. Today, the war on corruption is undermining democracy, helping the wrong leaders get elected, and distracting societies from facing urgent problems.

Corruption has too easily become the universal diagnosis for a nation’s ills. If we could only curtail the culture of graft and greed, we are told, many other intractable problems would easily be solved. Although it is true that corruption can be crippling, putting an end to the bribes, kickbacks, and payoffs will not necessarily solve any of the deeper problems that afflict societies. In fact, this false belief can make it harder, if not impossible, to rally public support for other indispensable efforts. Necessary tax reforms, for example, become impossible to pass when the general assumption is that any new public revenues will inevitably evaporate in corrupt hands.

The corruption obsession also crowds out debate on other crucial problems. A country’s bankrupt educational system, malfunctioning hospitals, or stagnating economy cannot compete with headlines about the latest corruption scandal. These problems may be aggravated by corruption, but they are created by conditions that often have little to do with the behavior of dishonest government officials. Even when such social ills rise to the top of the national agenda, the fight against corruption still tends to inform the public debate. Inevitably, the public’s understanding of what it would take to tackle other national priorities becomes clouded by the corruption obsession.

But perhaps the worst collateral damage caused by this fixation is the political instability it can create. Electorates already have many good reasons to be disappointed with their elected officials. The corruption curse feeds people’s unrealistic expectations about what is required to improve their standards of living and set a country on a more prosperous path.

Popular impatience, exacerbated by the belief that nearly everyone at the top is lining their pockets, unreasonably shortens the time governments have to produce results. Since 1990, 11 Latin American heads of state were impeached or forced to resign before the end of their terms. In each case, corruption was a factor. Although justified in a few instances, in others the country’s lack of progress was widely interpreted as just another manifestation of corruption. It fed the fiction that if voters could simply get rid of the current crop of venal officials and find an honest leader, progress would ensue. Italy’s Silvio Berlusconi, Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez, and Russia’s Vladimir Putin all came to power, in part, because of public disgust for the corruption that preceded them. Yet all three countries remain corrupt and are waiting for their promised progress.

There is no doubt that corruption is a scourge. But there is also no doubt that many countries crippled by corruption are not sinking. Hungary, Italy, and Poland are just a few examples of countries where prosperity has coexisted with significant levels of corruption. China, India, and Thailand are not only not sinking, they are prospering despite widespread corruption.

Of course, it would be vastly superior for all these places to have an honest and independent judiciary, respect for the rule of law, and a sound educational system. But these are outcomes, not prescriptions. They represent hard-won progress from sustained efforts at all levels of society, typically over generations. Simply telling these countries to shake off the shackles of corruption—as foreign investors, politicians, leaders of multilateral institutions, and well-known journalists so often do—is worse than no advice at all. We should be encouraged by the fact that so many forces are aligned together in the fight against corruption. But before we engage the enemy, we should take the equivalent of the Hippocratic oath, and promise to first do no harm.

Is Terrorism Good for Fighting Crime? By James G. Forsyth

2009-10-10T01:30:00.000+03:00

Is Terrorism Good for Fighting Crime?

By James G. Forsyth Posted August 2005

The July terrorist bombings jolted British law enforcement into unprecedented visibility on the streets of London. That makes some citizens nervous. But the extra costs of a greater police presence—both financially and politically—just may be worth it.

At New York’s Penn Station a couple weeks ago, two groups of boozy young men squared off. The disagreement? The respective qualities of the New York Mets and the Chicago Cubs. It was the kind of situation that denizens of major cities know all too well—and that sometimes escalates into violence. This time, though, it was different. A clutch of police officers and heavily armed military personnel simply strolled toward the overzealous (and intoxicated) young fans. The two groups broke up quicker than Britney Spears’s first marriage. The law enforcement personnel weren’t at Penn Station to break apart drunken brawls; they were there to prevent terrorism. But their mere presence was a serious deterrent, and illustrated an unexpected benefit of the city’s heightened state of alert.

It is a side effect that will be most welcome across the Atlantic. In England, a crime is committed every second. Antisocial behavior and low-level crime have become a public obsession there. The problem is particularly acute in London, where during last year’s mayoral election, 46 percent of voters deemed crime and disorder as the most important issue facing the city. Opposition politicians have taken to describing Britain as the “sick society of Europe.” After his recent election victory, Prime Minister Tony Blair felt obliged to announce that combating hooliganism will be a priority in his third term.

This summer’s terrorist attacks have led to a simple solution, albeit one the public has been pushing for decades: More bobbies on the beat. Tony Travers, an expert on city government at the London School of Economics, points out that the response to the attacks has had the “accidental effect of producing more of the kind of visible policing that people want.” Travers says, “There has been more visible policing in London since the 7th of July than at any period in modern history.” The results have arrived quickly. British Transport Police have noted a significant decrease in crime on the London Underground. Jan O’Neill, a British Transport Police spokeswoman, describes the stepped-up police presence as “having had a very beneficial effect.” Few criminals, it seems, are inclined to snatch a bag and charge through a Tube station in the present climate.

The extra policing doesn’t come cheap. In London, the cost of patrolling on Thursdays—the day of the week on which the July 7 and July 21 attacks occurred—is estimated at roughly $3.6 million per day. Londoners will likely have to foot the bill through higher taxes. But if the extra policing succeeds in cutting crime as well as preventing another attack, most will regard it as money well spent.

Some worry that London has got the balance between civil liberties and security wrong. This feeling intensified following the tragic—and mistaken—shooting of the Brazilian electrician Jean Charles de Menezes by armed police. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, a Muslim commentator, opined that, “For all the Asian and Arab families I know, this blast-to-kill policy is more scary than the bombs.” However, the vast majority of the public feels that the authorities are tilting the balance in the right direction. A recent poll conducted for The Economist by British research firm YouGov found that only 20 percent of people thought, at the time, that the police were wrong to shoot Menezes. Since the police have been deployed in large numbers following the attacks, there has been a 50 percent rise in public confidence in the force. It is hard to imagine that Londoners, who have long called for more police on the street, now want them to stand inert against the very kind of nuisance crime that is such a public irritant. Indeed, support for these expensive operations might only flag if Londoners believed they were paying to fight terrorism but not getting safer streets as well.

There is a tendency to view all homeland security expenditures as reactionary and one-dimensional. But like any other government spending, the security funds have unintended effects. Although the money spent on antiterror policing may reduce petty crime, the resources being pumped into contingency planning to deal with biological and chemical attacks will lead to countries being better prepared for a flu epidemic. Research funding increases the possibility of making medical breakthroughs. The U.S. National Intelligence Council recently predicted that continued investment in defending against biological attacks could lead to such advances as a therapy that would prevent pathogens from entering the body. This development would do more for global public health than anything since Sir John Harrington invented the flush toilet in 1596.

The real test for public support for the new policing measures will come when the tax bills arrive or if there is another deadly case of mistaken identity by London’s armed police. For the moment, though, the public seems more than content to pay the price in terms of both cash and civil liberties for this stepped up policing. This support will likely continue, as these are the kind of trade-offs that most Londoners would have accepted before July 7. Londoners crave security from crime, as well as from terrorism. It’s tragic they had to experience the latter to enjoy the former.

James G. Forsyth is assistant editor at FOREIGN POLICY.

Заправка катріджу Samsung-ML1710

2009-09-30T14:49:00.001+03:00

ТЕХНОСОФТСЕРВИС
http://www.tss.kiev.ua/

Украина, г. Киев, ул. Багговутовская 40
вход в арке дома
тел./факс: (044) 244-91-14 (многоканальный) / 501-69-45

до 18

xerox p8e static control
53 грн

163 г.
на 2 заправки

Як дешевше передавати готівку з-за кордону?

2009-09-25T22:38:00.002+03:00

1-й варіант
(постійний, оптимальний варіант)
Відкрити в банку картковий рахунок для фізичної особи.
Пишеш заяву на отримання додаткової карти (на брата, чи дружину чи ще когось). Цю карту привозиш в іншу країну і знімаєш кошти (з якого банку? відповісти на питання знизу). Цю карту можна залишити.
Треба знати який термін додаткової карти. Якого банку карта, який банк
Яка карта? чи це мастеркард чи це віза?
Якого рівня карта? Електрон? Маестр? Бізнес карта?
2-й варіант
(одноразовий - хтось має привезти чек)
Дорожні чеки
Американ ікспрес або ДЖеймс Кук
це бумажка, яку він купляє в банку, приїжджає сюди, дає бумажку в банк і отримує готівку.

Християнські привітання з днем народження

2009-09-23T10:36:00.001+03:00

Прийми в цей день побажання щирі.
Ми дякуємо Господу, що ти у нас є,
Нехай силу й здоров’я Господь Бог тобі дає.
Нехай цвітуть дні яскравим квітом
І будуть в тих днях щастя і тепло,
Щоб в житті було безліч причин радіти,
А смутку в серці ніколи не було.

***

Бажаєм радості й достатку,
Чистого неба і тепла,
Жити вам в злагоді й порядку,
Щоб доля всміхненою була.
У справах – успіхів, везіння,
В роботі – великого горіння!
Від щирого серця любові бажаєм
І нехай Господь Бог вам допомагає

***

Нехай цвітуть дні яскравим квітом
І будуть в них радість і тепло.
Щоб в житті було з чого радіти,
А смутку в серці ніколи не було!

***

Пусть каждый новый Божий день
Тебе приносит только радость!
Пусть теплый свет Его очей
Тебе дарует в жизни благость!
Пусть не устанут никогда
Идти за Богом твои ноги.
Будь верным, друг мой,
И тогда награда явится от Бога.
Не собирай богатств земли –
Их Божьей славы блеск затмит;
Его лица всегда ищи!
Пусть в этом Бог благословит!

***

"Так говорит Господь, Искупитель твой, Святый Израилев: Я Господь, Бог твой, научающий тебя полезному, ведущий тебя по тому пути, по которому должно тебе идти." Исаия 48:17

Посилання:
Форум lifecity.tv

Вибираю ноутбук

2009-09-09T21:08:00.000+03:00

ASUS X80Le - ~$460 - ХР, вебкамера
Dell Vostro 1310 - ~$490 - 2 кг, Віста, 13'3 екран
ASUS X80L ~ , вебкамера
Samsung P400 ~ , вебкамера

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http://price.ua/
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Як проїхати до місця проведення сесії БШ Алмаз 19.09.2009

2009-09-08T22:44:00.000+03:00

Яндекс карта

Автобус №45, маршрутка №45 (225) от М "Дарница" или от М "Харьковская"
до остановки "бульвар Ярослава Гашека"

Маршрутка №445 от М "Дарница" или от М "Позняки"
до остановки "бульвар Ярослава Гашека"